Preheat the oven to 400F (205C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Divide the chilled dough into two equal portions. Roll out one portion on a floured surface into a rectangle and cut it into 12 rectangles, each 2x4 inches (5x10cm).
Arrange the rectangles on the prepared baking sheet, leaving space between them. Cover with another sheet of parchment paper and place a second baking sheet on top to weigh them down.
Bake for 12–15 minutes, or until golden brown. Transfer to a cooling rack and let cool completely.
Repeat with the second portion of dough so you have 24 rectangles in total.
Whip the heavy cream until stiff, shiny peaks form.
Using the same mixer, whip the chilled pastry cream until smooth.
Gently fold one-third of the whipped cream into the pastry cream with a rubber spatula, then fold in the remaining whipped cream until fully combined. Transfer to a piping bag fitted with round nozzle.
To assemble, pipe 8-10 small dollops of cream onto one puff pastry layer. Top with a second layer, pressing gently. Repeat with cream and a third layer. Pipe cream on top of the third layer, and sprinkle with grated chocolate.
Repeat with the remaining puff pastry and cream to assemble 8 Mille-Feuille pastries.